Ku gicamunsi cyo ku ya 14 Ukuboza, Ubushinwa Baowu, Rio Tinto na kaminuza ya Tsinghua bafatanije amahugurwa ya 3 yo mu Bushinwa Amashanyarazi make ya Carbone yo guteza imbere Carbone hamwe n’inzira nyabagendwa kugira ngo baganire ku nzira iganisha ku guhindura imyuka mike mu nganda z’ibyuma.
Kuva umusaruro urenga toni miliyoni 100 mu 1996, Ubushinwa nicyo gihugu cyambere ku isi gitanga ibyuma mu myaka 26 ikurikiranye.Ubushinwa nicyo kigo gikora inganda z’ibyuma ku isi n’ikigo gikoresha inganda z’ibyuma ku isi.Imbere y’Ubushinwa bugamije intego ya karuboni 30-60, inganda z’ibyuma nazo ziteza imbere udushya twinshi twa karuboni, aho igenamigambi ry’ubumenyi, imikoranire y’inganda, iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga ndetse n’iterambere ry’ingufu ari ngombwa.
Nigute inganda zibyuma zishobora kugera kuri karubone no kutabogama kwa karubone?
Nka nganda zingenzi zubukungu bwigihugu, inganda zibyuma nazo nimwe mubintu byingenzi ningorane zo guteza imbere kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere.Wang Hao, Umuyobozi wungirije w’inama ya Carbone n’ishami rishinzwe guteza imbere kutabogama kwa Minisiteri y’umutungo w’ibidukikije muri komisiyo y’igihugu ishinzwe iterambere n’ivugurura, yagaragaje muri iyo nama ko inganda z’ibyuma zitagomba kugera ku rwego rwo hejuru kugira ngo zigere ku mpinga, reka kugabanya umusaruro hagamijwe kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, ariko bigomba gufata impinga ya karubone nkumwanya wingenzi wo guteza imbere icyatsi kibisi na karuboni nkeya hamwe niterambere ryiza ryinganda zibyuma.
Huang Guiding, umunyamabanga mukuru w’ishyirahamwe ry’inganda n’ibyuma by’Ubushinwa, muri iyo nama yavuze ko mu rwego rwo guteza imbere icyatsi kibisi na karuboni nkeya, inganda z’ibyuma mu Bushinwa ziteza imbere cyane imishinga itatu y’ibyuma: gusimbuza ubushobozi, ibyuka bihumanya ikirere n’ingufu zikabije gukora neza.Icyakora, Ubushinwa butanga ingufu n’ingufu z’ibyuma bidahagije, bikungahaye ku makara kandi bikennye muri peteroli na gaze, byemeza ko uko inganda z’ibyuma by’Ubushinwa ziganjemo inzira ndende y’itanura n’ibisasu, bizakomeza kubungabungwa igihe kirekire.
Huang yavuze ko guteza imbere byimbitse ikoranabuhanga rizigama ingufu no gutunganya ibikoresho bishya no guhindura no kuzamura, inzira zose zogutezimbere ingufu, ni byo byihutirwa mu nganda z’ibyuma kugabanya karubone, ariko kandi ni urufunguzo rwa karuboni nkeya iherutse guhindura no kuzamura ibyuma by'Ubushinwa.
Muri Kanama uyu mwaka, Komite ishinzwe guteza imbere imirimo y’inganda ya Carbone yasohoye ku mugaragaro “Carbon Neutral Vision na Carbone Technology Roadmap y’inganda z’icyuma” (aha ni ukuvuga “Roadmap”), isobanura inzira esheshatu tekinike zo guhindura karuboni nkeya Inganda z’ibyuma by’Ubushinwa, aribyo kuzamura ingufu za sisitemu, kongera umutungo, gutunganya neza no guhanga udushya, uburyo bwo gushonga, gutera imbere no kuzamura ibicuruzwa, no gufata karuboni no gukoresha ububiko.
Roadmap igabanya inzira yo gushyira mu bikorwa inzibacyuho ebyiri za karubone mu nganda z’ibyuma mu Bushinwa mu byiciro bine, icyiciro cya mbere kikaba ari uguteza imbere byimazeyo kugera ku ntera ishimishije ya karuboni mu 2030, decarbonisation yimbitse kuva 2030 kugeza 2040, ikagabanya kugabanuka cyane kwa karubone kuva 2040 kugeza 2050, no guteza imbere kutabogama kwa karubone kuva 2050 kugeza 2060.
Fan Tiejun, perezida w’ikigo gishinzwe igenamigambi n’ubushakashatsi bw’inganda za Metallurgical, yagabanije iterambere ry’inganda z’ibyuma mu Bushinwa mu bihe bibiri n’ibyiciro bitanu.Ibihe byombi nigihe cyubwinshi nigihe cyiza cyo hejuru, igihe cyacyo kigabanyijemo icyiciro cyo gukura nicyiciro cyo kugabanuka, naho igihe cyiza cyo kugabanywa mugice cyihuta cyo kuvugurura, icyiciro cyo kurengera ibidukikije cyashimangiwe niterambere rya karubone nkeya icyiciro.Ku bwe, inganda z’ibyuma mu Bushinwa ziri mu cyiciro cyo kugabanya, kwihutisha icyiciro cyo kuvugurura no gushimangira icyiciro cyo kurengera ibidukikije mu byiciro bitatu byuzuzanya.
Umufana Tiejun yavuze ko, nk’uko ubushakashatsi n’ubushakashatsi bw’ikigo cya Metallurgical Planning n’ubushakashatsi bubitangaza, inganda z’ibyuma z’Ubushinwa zimaze kuva mu cyiciro cy’ibitekerezo bidasobanutse ndetse n’amagambo adafite ishingiro, kandi ibigo byinshi byatangiye gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba ebyiri z’ibikorwa bya karubone mu bikorwa by’ibyuma. ibigo.Uruganda rutari ruto rwo murugo rwatangiye kugerageza hydrogène metallurgie, imishinga ya CCUS nimishinga yicyatsi kibisi.
Gukoresha ibyuma bisakara hamwe na hydrogen metallurgie nicyerekezo cyingenzi
Abashinzwe inganda bagaragaza ko mu gihe cyo guhindura karuboni nkeya mu nganda z’ibyuma, gukoresha umutungo w’ibikoresho bishaje ndetse no guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga rya hydrogène metallurgie bizaba kimwe mu byerekezo bibiri byingenzi biganisha ku kugabanuka kwa karubone mu nganda.
Muri iyo nama, Xiao Guodong, umuyobozi mukuru wungirije w’Ubushinwa Baowu akaba n’umuyobozi uhagarariye Carbon Neutral, yagaragaje ko ibyuma ari icyatsi kibisi gishobora gukoreshwa kandi inganda z’ibyuma zabaye umusingi w’ingenzi mu gushyigikira iterambere ry’isi ya none.Ibikoresho by'ibyuma bisakara ku isi ntibihagije kugira ngo bikemure iterambere ry’imibereho, kandi umusaruro wibyuma bitangirira kumabuye bizakomeza kuba inzira nyamukuru mugihe kinini cyane mugihe kizaza.
Xiao yavuze ko iterambere ry’icyatsi kibisi gito cya karuboni n’ibyuma bitagenwa gusa n’umutungo uriho ndetse n’ingufu zihari, ahubwo ko bizanashyiraho urufatiro rw’ibisekuruza bizaza kugira ibikoresho byinshi byo gutunganya ibyuma.Kugirango ugere ku ntego ebyiri za karubone zinganda zibyuma, guhindura imiterere yingufu ningirakamaro cyane, muri zo ingufu za hydrogène zizagira uruhare runini.
Bwana Huang, umunyamabanga mukuru w’ishyirahamwe ry’ibyuma by’Ubushinwa, yagaragaje ko metallurgie ya hydrogène ishobora kuzuza imbogamizi z’umutungo w’ibicuruzwa bidahagije mu bihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere, cyane cyane mu bihugu nk'Ubushinwa, mu gihe kugabanya hydrogène itaziguye bishobora kuba inzira y'ingenzi yo gutandukana. no gukungahaza umutungo wicyuma mugihe gito.
Mu kiganiro cyabanjirije iki na 21st Century Business Herald, Yanlin Zhao, ukuriye ubushakashatsi mu Bushinwa muri Banki ya Amerika Securities, yavuze ko ibyuma ari inganda zifite imyuka myinshi yangiza imyuka ya karubone uretse ingufu z’ubushyuhe, na hydrogène, nk’isoko ry’ingufu zishobora guhinduka, ifite amahirwe menshi yo gusimbuza amakara ya kokiya na kokiya mugihe kizaza.Niba umushinga wa hydrogène aho kuba amakara ushobora gukoreshwa neza kandi ugakoreshwa cyane mugukora inganda zibyuma, bizazana intambwe nini niterambere ryiza ryiterambere rya karubone nkeya yinganda zibyuma.
Nk’uko Fan Tiejun abitangaza ngo impinga ya karubone mu nganda z’ibyuma ni ikibazo cy’iterambere, kandi kugira ngo ugere ku mpinga ya karubone irambye kandi y’ubumenyi mu nganda z’ibyuma, ikintu cya mbere gikwiye gukemurwa ni ihinduka ry’imiterere mu iterambere;mugihe murwego rwo kugabanya karubone, tekinoroji yateye imbere igomba gukoreshwa muburyo butunganijwe, kandi icyiciro cya decarbonisation kigomba kugira tekinoloji ya revolution, harimo hydrogène metallurgie, hamwe nogukoresha uburyo bunini bwo gutunganya itanura ryamashanyarazi;murwego rwo kutabogama kwa karubone yinganda zibyuma, birakenewe kugeza kuri Carbone itabogamye yinganda zibyuma igomba gushimangira guhuza imipaka ihuza uturere n’ibihano byinshi, ikomatanya guhanga udushya gakondo, CCUS hamwe nogukoresha amashyamba ya karubone.
Umufana Tiejun yasabye ko guhindura karuboni nkeya mu nganda z’ibyuma bigomba guhuzwa no gutegura igenamigambi ry’iterambere, ibisabwa by’urunigi rwo hejuru no mu majyepfo y’inganda, iterambere ry’imijyi, ndetse n’udushya mu ikoranabuhanga, kandi ko kuva inganda z’ibyuma zizashyirwa vuba muri karubone. isoko, inganda nazo zigomba guhuza isoko rya karubone kugirango ziteze imbere kubungabunga ingufu no kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya biturutse ku isoko.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-28-2022